Color in minerals is caused by the absorption or lack of absorption of various…

Hardness is one measure of the strength of the mineral’s structure relative to the…

Ancient Hindus valued ruby more than any other gems and named it accordingly “ratnaraj” or “king of precious stones.” Its red color purity defines the top-quality rubies, which do not have any violet, orange or brownish overtones. Rubies will have microscopic inclusions; these are not detrimental if they do not detract from the gem’s brilliance and are not eye visible.

Sapphire, unqualified, usually refers to blue sapphires from pale to dark blue. Sapphire

Though emerald is undoubtedly precious, it is certainly not among the new precious

The beautiful, historically significant gemstone, zircon, has, unfortunately, in